词义辨析——obviously, apparently, evidently

　　最近忙着改版《雅思词汇精选》，要把剑6和机经里的一些词汇补充进去，于是这几个礼拜又重新补起了词汇的功课。平时一直鼓动大家把一些感觉不错的词放到像朗文、剑桥等国外出版的词典里去确认一下exact meaning，尽量保证先正确的理解，再正确的使用，还要正确的发音，这次轮到我自己了，只不过每天100个词的进度。在编写新的词条的时候，有些词的确让我吃惊不小，因为我以往的理解还是太多的受到了中文的影响，举个例子，obvious, apparent, evident三个词都是“明显的”，而一旦变成副词obviously, apprently, evidently区别就很大了，要谨慎使用。

　　Obviously——used to mean that a fact can easily be noticed or understood.

　　Apparently——①used to say that you have heard that something is true, although you are not completely sure about it ② according to the way someone looks or a situation appears, although you cannot be sure.

　　Evidently——(slightly formal)used to say that something is true because you can see that it is true.

　　从上面可以看出，Obviously是依然是最地道的“明显”，跟形容词形式意思一样，evidently虽然也是这个意思，但《剑桥高级学习者词典》指出此词略微正式，与obvious相比，’it is usually better to choose the word obvious’，因此副词也比较正式。

　　最麻烦的要数apparently，已经跟apparent有较大区别了，里面包含着’you cannot be sure’的意思，所以中文的正确意思应该是“看似，据说”，这一点就连我认为国内最棒的英汉词典——陆谷孙老先生编的《英汉大辞典》里也找不到的。比如说剑3中Test 3 阅读Passage 3 讲环境和情绪的文章里有一句话，However, this apparently does not just depend on the temperature. 应该理解为“不过看来这不仅仅取决于气温”。还有同样是剑3 Test 2听力中的Section 3 讲员工选拔中有一句话，The idea is actually quite old. Apparently they were used by the ancient Chinese for picking out clerks and civil servants. Apprently应该翻译成“据说”。

　　所以还是那句话，一天拿出一点点时间，去确认5个你觉得挺不错的词汇(所谓不错，就是less common的7分词汇喽)，其实很多词汇我们当时背的似是而非，如果3个月的时间搞定450个好词，考试的时候起码词汇会有很出色的表现的。

本文作者：新东方 孙涛